Ngaba ukhe wazifumana ukwimeko apho amandla aphuma ngokukhawuleza, akushiya ebumnyameni obupheleleyo? Okanye ubukwisakhiwo esikhulu xa i-alam yomlilo ikhala, kwaye awuqinisekanga ukuba iphi indawo ekufutshane yokuphuma. Ezi meko zinokuphazamisa kwaye zibe yingozi, kulapho ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo kungena khona.
Ukukhanyisa ngexesha likaxakeka ngumba obalulekileyo kuwo nasiphi na imilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Inika ukukhanya xa umbane oqhelekileyo ungaphumeleli, uqinisekisa ukuba abahlali banokuphuma ngokukhuselekileyo kweso sakhiwo. Ikwaqaqambisa izixhobo zomlilo kunye neendlela zokuphuma, ukunciphisa ukothuka kunye nokudideka kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
Ke, masingene nzulu kwizibane zikaxakeka kwaye kutheni zibalulekile nje.
Zeziphi Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo akusiso isisombululo sobukhulu obunye. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi, nganye ilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kunye neemfuno.
Izibane eziNgxamisekileyo ezigciniweyo ihlala ivuliwe ngamaxesha onke, isebenza njengesibane esiqhelekileyo kunye nesikhanyisa ngokukhawuleza. Olu hlobo luxhaphakile kwiindawo zemidlalo yeqonga, kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya, nakwezinye iindawo apho ubumnyama besiquphe bunokubangela uloyiko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo okungagcinwanga isebenza kuphela xa unikezelo lwamandla oluphambili lusilela. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokusebenza nakwezinye izakhiwo apho abantu abahleliyo bayayazi indlela.
UkuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo okuZinzileyo idibanisa ezi zimbini, kunye neseti enye yezibane zokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nenye ngexesha likaxakeka.
UkuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo okuZimeleyo inazo zonke iinxalenye ngaphakathi kwisilinganisi sokukhanya, kuquka ibhetri kunye neyunithi yokulawula. Olu hlobo kulula ukuyifaka kunye nokugcina, okwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwizakhiwo ezininzi.
Umthombo webhetri esembindini woKhanya oluNgxamisekileyo isebenzisa ibhetri esembindini ukunika amandla zonke izibane zikaxakeka kwisakhiwo. Ngelixa kunzima ukuyifaka, ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana nokugcinwa lula kunye nobomi obude bebhetri.
UkuKhanya okulindileyo lolunye uhlobo lokukhanyisa olungxamisekileyo olubonelela ngokukhanyisa kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo ukuqhubeka ngexesha lokucima kombane. Nangona kunjalo, ayithathi indawo yokukhanya kokubaleka.
Zeziphi iiCandegories zokuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo kunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezisekelwe kwinjongo kunye nendawo.
Emergency Escape Lighting ibonelela ngokhanyiso lokhuseleko lwabantu abashiya indawo okanye abazama ukuphelisa inkqubo enokuba yingozi. Yinxalenye yokhuseleko lomlilo kwisakhiwo.
UkuKhanya okulindileyo ivumela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ukuba iqhubeke ngexesha lokusilela kwamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ayithathwa njengokukhanya okungxamisekileyo phantsi kwemimiselo ethile.
Escape Route Lighting iqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zokuphuma zikhanyiswe kakuhle, ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuphuma ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhawuleza kwisakhiwo.
UkuKhanya kwendawo evulekileyo, okwakwaziwa njengokukhanya okuchasene nokuphakuzela, kunciphisa ukuphakuzela xa abantu behlangene, kunceda ekuphumeni ngocwangco.
UkuKhanya kweNdawo yoMsebenzi oMngcipheko ophezulu inikeza ukukhanya kwimisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yokhuseleko ekufuneka igqitywe ngaphambi kokukhutshwa, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu ochaphazelekayo.
Ngawaphi aMalungu okuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Njengayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo, ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo kubandakanya amacandelo abalulekileyo.
The Umthombo wokukhanya yeyona ndawo ibonakalayo yenkqubo. Ingaba nayiphi na isibane okanye i-LED enika ukukhanya okwaneleyo.
The Ukunikezwa Amandla inika amandla kumthombo wokukhanya. Kwimeko yokukhanyisa okungxamisekileyo, lo ngumthombo wamandla wesibini owahlukileyo kumandla okwakha angundoqo.
The battery kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa ngexesha likaxakeka idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Igcina amandla xa unikezelo lwamandla oluphambili lusebenza kwaye emva koko lunikeze la mandla agciniweyo kumthombo wokukhanya xa amandla amakhulu ehluleka. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izibane ezingxamisekileyo zisebenza ngexesha lokucima kombane, ukubonelela ngokukhanya okubalulekileyo ekuphumeni okukhuselekileyo.
The ICandelo loLawulo ilawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhanyisa ngokukhawuleza. Ibeka esweni unikezelo lwamandla oluphambili kwaye itshintshela kumandla ebhetri xa ibona ukusilela.
Yeyiphi iMigangatho kunye neMigaqo eLawula ukuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Ukukhanyisa okungxamisekileyo kuxhomekeke kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemimiselo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuthembeka.
I-BS 5266-1 nguMgangatho waseBritane obonelela ngezikhokelo zoyilo, ukufakwa, kunye nocingo lweenkqubo zokukhanyisa ezingxamisekileyo. Ibandakanya imimandla efana nokusebenza kwe-luminaire, iinkqubo zokuvavanya, kunye namaxwebhu.
UMyalelo woHlaziyo loLawulo (uKhuseleko loMlilo) ka-2005 ngumthetho wase-UK ofuna abanini bezakhiwo baqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabahlali xa kuthe kwatsha. Oku kubandakanya ukubonelela ngezibane zombane ezifanelekileyo.
Kukwakho neminye imigangatho efanelekileyo, yelizwe kunye neyamazwe ngamazwe, enokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nohlobo lwesakhiwo.
Ingaba iSibane esiNgxamisekileyo siyilwe kwaye sifakwe njani?
Uyilo kunye nokufakwa kwezibane ezingxamisekileyo kufuna ukucwangciswa ngenyameko kunye nokuqwalaselwa.
Ukuqwalasela zibandakanya uhlobo kunye nobude bokukhanya, ubungakanani kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo, kunye nobukho bazo naziphi na iingozi ezithile. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindlela zokuphuma kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko zikhanyiswa ngokwaneleyo kwimeko engxamisekileyo.
The Inkqubo yokufaka kubandakanya ukubeka izibane kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, ukubethelela i-wiring kunikezelo lwamandla, kunye nokumisela iyunithi yokulawula. Umbane oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka enze wonke umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo.
Ukufumana izibane zakho eziNgxamisekileyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yofakelo. Izibane kufuneka zibekwe kufuphi neendawo zokuphuma kunye nezixhobo zomlilo, ecaleni kwendlela yokuphuma, nakwiindawo ezinkulu ezivulekileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona zibekwe ukuze zinciphise izithunzi kunye ne-glare.
Kutheni uCwangciso lubalulekile kuKhanya oluNgxamisekileyo?
Ukucwangcisa linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhanyisa ngexesha likaxakeka.
The Ukubaluleka koCwangciso ayinakubaxa. Inkqubo ecwangciswe kakuhle iya kubonelela ngokukhanya okwaneleyo kuzo zonke iindawo ezibalulekileyo, ekhokela abahlali ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba baphume ngexesha likaxakeka.
UkuCwangcisa uFakelo lwakho lokuKhanya oluNgxamisekileyo lubandakanya ukuvavanya iimfuno zesakhiwo, ukuyila inkqubo, ukukhetha izibane ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokucwangcisa ukubekwa kwazo. Uvavanyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kufuneka kube yinxalenye yesicwangciso.
Kuvavanywa Njani ukuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Uvavanyo lwarhoqo lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwezibane zikaxakeka ngokuchanekileyo xa kuyimfuneko.
The Ukubaluleka koVavanyo lwarhoqo ilele ekukhanyeni okungxamisekileyo yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko. Nakuphi na ukusilela kunokubeka ubomi emngciphekweni ngexesha likaxakeka.
Iinkqubo zoVavanyo Ngokwesiqhelo kubandakanya ukulinganisa ukusilela kwamandla ukujonga ukuba izibane ziyasebenza kwaye zibonelela ngokhanyiso olwaneleyo. Ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokusebenza kweyunithi yokulawula kufuneka kwakhona kuhlolwe.
Ukugcina ukuThotyelwa kunye nemimiselo sesinye isizathu sokuqhuba uvavanyo rhoqo. Amaxwebhu ovavanyo anokubonelela ngobungqina bokuthotyelwa kwimeko yokuhlolwa okanye uphicotho.
Yeyiphi imigama yokuJonga kwiimpawu zokuPhuma?
Iimpawu zokuphuma zibalulekile kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokukhanyisa ngexesha likaxakeka, ekhokelela abantu abakhweleyo kwiindawo zokuphuma ezikufutshane ngexesha likaxakeka. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka zibonakale kwaye zifundeke kude ukuze zisebenze.
Ngokutsho Ukhuseleko Emsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA), uphawu ngalunye lokuphuma lufanele lukhanyiselwe kwixabiso elingaphezulu ubuncinane lamakhandlela aziimitha ezintlanu (54 lux) ngomthombo wokukhanya othembekileyo yaye lwahluke ngombala. Iimpawu ezizikhanyisayo okanye ze-electroluminescent ezinobuncinci bexabiso lomphezulu wokukhanya okungenani .06 iinyawo-lamberts (0.21 cd/m2) zivumelekile.
Uphawu ngalunye lokuphuma malube negama elithi “Phuma” ngoonobumba abafundeka ngokucacileyo abangekho ngaphantsi kwee-intshi ezintandathu (15.2 cm) ukuphakama, kunye nemivumbo eyintloko yoonobumba begama elithi “Phuma” engekho ngaphantsi kwesithathu kwisine se-intshi (1.9 cm). ) ububanzi.
Ukuba isalathiso sokuhamba ukuya kwindawo yokuphuma okanye yokuphuma ayibonakali ngokukhawuleza, iimpawu kufuneka zixhonywe ecaleni kwendlela yokuphuma ebonisa indlela yohambo oluya kweyona ndawo ikufutshane yokuphuma nokuphumayo. Ukongeza, umgca wembonakalo kuphawu lokuphuma kufuneka uhlale ubonakala.
Luluphi uKhetho loBonelelo loMbane loKhanya oluNgxamisekileyo?
Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ngokukhawuleza zinokuthi zinikwe amandla ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungonakali.
Iinkqubo eziZimeleyo unazo zonke iinxalenye, ukuquka ibhetri, ngaphakathi kwisilinganisi sokukhanya. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuzifaka kunye nokuzigcina, kodwa kunokufuneka ukuba zifaneleke ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yovavanyo lomntu ngamnye kunye nokugcinwa kwesibane ngasinye.
IiNkqubo zoMthombo webhetri esembindini sebenzisa ibhetri esembindini ukunika amandla zonke izibane zikaxakeka kwisakhiwo. Oku kunokwenza lula uvavanyo kunye nokugcinwa, njengoko ibhetri kunye neyunithi yokulawula kwindawo enye. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zintsonkothile kakhulu ukuzifaka kwaye zinokubiza kakhulu kwasekuqaleni.
Yeyiphi iNdlela yokuSebenza yokuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Indlela yokusebenza ibhekisa kwindlela ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo kusebenza ngayo kunikezelo lwamandla oluphambili.
Ilondoloziwe izibane ezingxamisekileyo zihlala zikhanyile, zisebenza njengokukhanya okuqhelekileyo kunye nokungxamisekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ubumnyama ngequbuliso bunokubangela ukothuka.
Ayigcinwanga izibane zikaxakeka zisebenza kuphela xa umbane ongundoqo usilela. Zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokusebenza apho abahlali baqhelene noyilo.
IiLuminaires eziDityanisiweyo eziNgxamisekileyo zigcinwa isibane sikaxakeka esibandakanya izibane ezibini nangaphezulu. Isibane esinye sisebenza kubonelelo lwamandla oluphambili, ngelixa esinye (s) sisebenza kubonelelo lombane olungxamisekileyo.
Zeziphi iziBonelelo zokuKhanya ngokuNgxamisekileyo ezahlukeneyo?
Izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezingxamisekileyo zibhekiselele kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bezibane zikaxakeka.
A Luminaire Kubandakanya Uvavanyo Isixhobo inomsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi ovumela ukuba ivavanywe ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo. Oku kunokwenza lula ukugcinwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya kusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
A ILuminaire, kubandakanywa nesixhobo soVavanyo esikude, inokuvavanywa ukude, enokuba luncedo kwizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ezinezibane ezininzi.
A ILuminaire eneNdlela yokuNqanda inokuvalwa okwexeshana ukuyithintela ekubeni isebenze ngexesha lokuphazanyiswa kombane omfutshane okanye umsebenzi wokulungisa.
A Umngcipheko ophezulu woMsebenzi weLuminaire inikeza ukukhanya kwimisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yokhuseleko ekufuneka igqitywe ngaphambi kokukhutshwa, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu ochaphazelekayo.
Lithini Ixesha LokuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Ubude bexesha lokukhanya okungxamisekileyo libhekiselele ekubeni izibane zingahlala ixesha elingakanani xa kukho ukusilela kombane. Oku kumiselwa ngamandla ebhetri kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezibane.
The Ukubaluleka Kwexesha kuyabonakala: izibane mazihlale ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze bonke abahlali baphume bekhuselekile kwisakhiwo. Kwezinye iimeko, banokufuna ukuba bahlale ixesha elide ukuvumela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko ukuba igqitywe.
Imigangatho Yexesha ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwaso. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno eqhelekileyo kukuba izibane zikwazi ukusebenza ubuncinane kwiiyure ezintathu emva kokusilela kombane.
Zihlelwa njani iiNkqubo zokuKhanya ngokuNgxamisekileyo?
Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezingxamisekileyo zihlelwa ngokusekelwe kwindlela yazo yokusebenza, ubude, kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ikhowudi ekufakeni ukukhanya ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa olu luhlu.
Ukuqonda iKhowudi yoHlelo inokukunceda ukhethe izibane ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo.
Iikhowudi zokuhlela zibandakanya "i-M3" yokukhanya okugciniweyo kunye neeyure ezintathu kunye ne "NM3" yokukhanya okungagcinwanga kunye neeyure ezintathu.
Kufuneka zibekwe phi iiLuminaires kunye neempawu eziNgxamisekileyo?
Indawo ezikuyo izibane kunye neempawu zikaxakeka zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokukhanyisa ngexesha likaxakeka.
The Ukubaluleka kokuhlala ngokufanelekileyo ayinakubaxa. Izibane kunye neempawu kufuneka zibekwe apho zinokubonwa lula kwaye zinike ukukhanya okwaneleyo.
Izikhokelo zeSitting kubandakanya ukubeka izibane kufutshane neendawo zokuphuma kunye neendlela zokuphuma, ngaphezulu kwezixhobo zomlilo, kunye neendawo ezinkulu ezivulekileyo. Iimpawu kufuneka zibekwe ukuze zibonwe kuzo zonke iinkalo kwaye zingafihlwa nayiphi na imiqobo.
Kungakanani ukukhanya okufunekayo kwiNkqubo yokuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Ubungakanani bokukhanya okufunekayo kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa ngexesha likaxakeka kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, kuquka ubungakanani kunye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo, uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwaso, kunye neemfuno ezithile zayo nayiphi na imimiselo esebenzayo.
Imigangatho yoKhanya khankanya ubuncinci benqanaba lokukhanyisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neendlela zokuphuma kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko. Le migangatho iqinisekisa ukuba abahlali banokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo kwisakhiwo ngexesha likaxakeka.
Imiba echaphazela ukukhanya okufunekayo zibandakanya ubungakanani kunye nobunzima beendlela zokuphuma, ubukho bazo naziphi na iingozi, kunye nenani elilindelekileyo labahlali.
Yintoni Ukubaluleka Kwesatifikethi Sokugunyazisa kunye ne-Logbook yokuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Isatifikethi sokugunyazisa kunye ne-logbook ngamaxwebhu ayimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokukhanyisa kaxakeka.
The Ukubaluleka koxwebhu ilele kwindima yayo ekuboniseni ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo nasekuququzeleleni ulondolozo novavanyo.
Yintoni emayiBandakanywe kolu xwebhu ibandakanya iinkcukacha zoyilo lwenkqubo kunye nofakelo, iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala kunye namaxesha athile, kunye neerekhodi zalo naluphi na ugcino okanye ulungiso olwenziweyo.
Izibane zikaNgxamiseko zigcinwa njani?
Ukugcinwa kwezibane ezingxamisekileyo kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo inokuthenjwa kwaye iyasebenza, ilungele ukusebenza kwimeko engxamisekileyo.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile: inkqubo engagcinwanga ngokuchanekileyo isenokusilela ukusebenza ngexesha likaxakeka, nto leyo ebeka ubomi emngciphekweni.
Iinkqubo zogcino lweenkqubo zokukhanyisa ezingxamisekileyo ziquka:
Uvavanyo lwarhoqo: Oku kubandakanya ukulinganisa ukusilela kwamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibane ziyasebenza njengoko kulindelekile kwaye zinike ukukhanya okwaneleyo. Ukusebenza kwebhetri kufuneka kwakhona kuhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inako ukukhanyisa izibane ngexesha elifunekayo.
Ukucocwa kweZifakelo zokuKhanya: Ngokuhamba kwexesha, uthuli kunye nokungcola kunokuqokelela kwizinto zokukhanya, ezinokuthi zinciphise ukukhanya kwazo. Ukucoca rhoqo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zibonelela ngokukhanya okukhulu kunokwenzeka.
Ukutshintshwa kwaMalunga aneempazamo: Nawaphi na amacandelo afunyaniswe enesiphene okanye asondele ekupheleni kobomi bawo benkonzo kufuneka atshintshwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukusilela. Oku kubandakanya umthombo wokukhanya (umzekelo, isibane okanye i-LED), ibhetri, kunye naziphi na iindawo zeyunithi yokulawula.
Ukugcinwa kweRekhodi: Wonke umsebenzi wolondolozo kufuneka wenziwe ngumntu oqeqeshiweyo kwaye urekhodwe kwincwadi yelog yesistim. Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni uxanduva lokuphendula kunye nokubonelela ngerekhodi yembali yogcino lwenkqubo.
Ukongeza kwezi nkqubo, kukwabalulekile ukuphonononga uyilo lwenkqubo kunye noqwalaselo rhoqo, ngakumbi ukuba kukho utshintsho kwindlela esisetyenziswa ngayo okanye kwisakhiwo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ibonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno zesakhiwo.
Ibandakanya ntoni iNkonzo kunye noVavanyo lokuKhanya okuNgxamisekileyo?
Inkonzo kunye novavanyo yimiba ebalulekileyo yokugcina inkqubo yokukhanyisa ngexesha likaxakeka.
The Ukubaluleka kokuSebenza rhoqo kunye noVavanyo iqinisekisa ukuba isistim iya kusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwimeko kaxakeka. Unikezelo lwenkonzo rhoqo lunokwandisa ubomi benkqubo kwaye lunciphise umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli okungalindelekanga.
IiNkqubo zokuSebenza kunye noVavanyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukujonga ukusebenza kwezibane kunye neyunithi yokulawula, ukuvavanya ibhetri, kunye nokuhlola izixhobo zokukhanya kunye neengcingo. Naziphi na iziphene kufuneka zilungiswe okanye kutshintshwe amacandelo njengoko kuyimfuneko.
FAQs
isiphelo
Ukukhanyisa okungxamisekileyo yinto ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kuyo nasiphi na isakhiwo, ebonelela ngokukhanya okubalulekileyo ngexesha lokucima kombane okanye imeko kaxakeka. Injongo yalo kukuqinisekisa ukubonakala okucacileyo kweendlela zokusaba kunye nokukhutshwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwabahlali. Inkqubo idinga uyilo olucingisisiweyo, ukufakela okuchanekileyo, ukuvavanywa rhoqo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo ethile. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, silindele izisombululo ezisebenzayo, ezithembekileyo ekukhanyeni okungxamisekileyo.
