Awufuni yini ukuthi indlu yakho ikhanye kahle ngazo zonke izinjongo? Khona-ke, ukulandela amazinga okukhanya kubalulekile ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokukhanyisa lwendlu yakho.
Izinhlangano ezidumile njenge-IES, i-CIBSE, kanye ne-CSA zithuthukise iziqondiso zokukhanyisa okufanele ezindaweni ezithile. Ngokusebenzisa izincomo zazo zamazinga okukhanyisa, ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngezidingo ezibonakalayo zekhaya lakho.
Ngakho-ke, ake singene esincomweni sezinga lokukhanya kwendlu bese sikhanyisa indlu yakho kahle.
Yiziphi Izingxenye Zamazinga Okukhanyisa?
Kuzodingeka uqonde ukuthi amayunithi amazinga okukhanya ukuze usebenzise kahle isiqondiso se-IES. Ngakho-ke, funda isigaba esingezansi:
- I-Lumen: I-Lumen ibhekisela enanini eliphelele lokukhanya okubonakalayo okukhishwa ngumthombo. Ama-lumen amaningi omthombo wokukhanya asho ukuphuma okukhanyayo nokubonakala okungcono.
- I-Lux: I-Lux iyiyunithi yokukala ukukhanya okuwela phezu kwendawo. I-lux eyodwa ilingana ne-lumen eyodwa ngemitha yesikwele. Ukuze wenze imisebenzi ebalulekile, uzodinga cishe ukukhanya okungu-500 lux ekamelweni lakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igumbi lakho lokuphumula lokuphumula alidingi ukukhanya okungaphezu kuka-150 lux.
- Ikhandlela lezinyawo: Kufana ne-lux ekubalweni kwezinga lokukhanya. Amakhandlela ezinyawo asetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States. Ikhandlela elilodwa lezinyawo lilingana ne-lumen eyodwa ngefidi lesikwele. Futhi, lilingana ne-10.764 lux.
Izinzuzo Zokulandela Amazinga Okukhanya Anconyiwe
- Ukusetha uhlelo lokukhanyisa ngokwezinga elinconyiwe kunikeza ukubonakala okuphezulu kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa amandla amancane.
- Ukuhambisana nesiqondiso esinconywayo kuqinisekisa isikhala esikhanyayo kahle.
- Kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzulazula ekhaya.
- Amathuba ezingozi ngenxa yokukhanya okungafanele ayancipha.
Izincomo Ezijwayelekile Zezinga Lokukhanyisa Lendawo Yakho Emayunithi Aphezulu
| Indawo Yokukhanyisa | Lux |
| Bedroom | 215-538 |
| Igumbi lokuphumula | 108-215 |
| Ikamelo lokudlela | 108-215 |
| Ukukhanyisa okuvamile kwekhishi | 215-538 |
| Indawo yokupheka ekhishini | 538-1076 |
| Igumbi lokufundela | 538-1076 |
| Bathroom | 215-538 |
| ephasijini | 54-108 |
| Igalaji | 215-807 |
| Isisekelo | 215-1076 |
| Iphaseji nezitebhisi | 100 |
| Indlu yokuwasha | 200 |
I-IES, i-CIBSE, kanye ne-CSA: Izindinganiso Zokukhanyisa Ekhaya Ezinconyiwe
I-Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)
I-Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) iyigunya lezemfundo nezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nokukhanyisa. Le nhlangano yasungulwa ngo-1906 ukuze isakaze ulwazi ngezindinganiso zokukhanyisa emphakathini. Izindinganiso zokukhanyisa ze-IES zezindawo zokuhlala zinikezwe ngezansi.
| Indawo Yokukhanyisa | Amakhandlela ezinyawo |
| Bedroom | 20-50 |
| Igumbi lokuphumula | 10-20 |
| Ikamelo lokudlela | 10-20 |
| Ukukhanyisa okuvamile kwekhishi | 20-50 |
| Ukulungiselela nokupheka ekhishini | 50-100 |
| Amakamelo Okufunda Nokubhala Okunzima | 50-100 |
| Bathroom | 20-50 |
| ephasijini | 5-10 |
| I-workshop yegaraji | 20-75 |
| Indlu engaphansi komhlaba - Ukuzivocavoca Nokuzilibazisa | 30 |
| Indlu engaphansi - Indawo yokuwasha | 20-100 |
Isikhungo Esiqashiwe Sonjiniyela Bezinsizakalo Zokwakha (i-CIBSE)
I-Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) yinhlangano yobungcweti esebenza ukuthuthukisa ubunjiniyela bezinsizakalo zokwakha. Lesi sikhungo esiseLondon sibeka iziqondiso embonini yokwakha.
Izindinganiso zokukhanyisa ze-CIBSE zezindawo zokuhlala zimi kanje:
| Indawo | Ukukhanya (Lux) | Isilinganiso Sokugqama Esilinganiselwe | Ukuboniswa Kombala Omncane (Ra) |
| Lounge | 100 - 300 | 19 | 80 |
| Kitchen | 150 - 300 | - | 80 |
| Bedroom | 150 | - | 80 |
| I-Toilet | 100 | - | 80 |
I-Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
Kunezidingo ezimbalwa ezibekwe yi-CSA zokukhanyisa izindlu ezifaka phakathi iziqondiso zesisekelo, indawo yokungena, kanye nesakhiwo sangaphansi. ukukhanya kwegalajiOkokuqala, umnyango wendlu yokuhlala udinga ukuba ne-outlet yangaphandle yokukhanyisa okuzofakwa iswishi yodonga ngaphakathi kwendlu. Ngemva kwalokho, izindlu ezingaphansi ezingakaqedwa kufanele zibe ne-outlet yokukhanyisa ene-fixture kuwo wonke amamitha-skwele angu-30. Futhi, i-switch ye-outlet eduze kwezitebhisi kufanele ibe phezulu kwezitebhisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakamelo okugcina izinto kanye namagaraji kumele abe nomthombo wokukhanya one-fixture eduze kweminyango.
Isiphakamiso Sezinga Lokukhanyisa Emakhaya Sezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokukhanyisa
Ukukhanyisa Okujwayelekile
Ukukhanya okuvamile kunikeza umthombo oyisisekelo wokukhanya endaweni. Imichilo ye-LED, amamojula, izibani, kanye nezibani ezikhanyayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu kule njongo. Ngesikhathi usetha ukukhanya okuvamile, qiniseka ukuthi kuhambisana nezinga lokukhanya elifunekayo (i-lux) legumbi. Futhi, sebenzisa ama-dimmer noma izilungiselelo zokulawula ukuze ujabulele izinga lokuguquguquka ekulungiseni ukukhanya.
I-Accent Lighting
Ukukhanyisa okugqamile kuyadingeka ukuze kugqanyiswe izici zokwakha kanye nokuhlobisa kwegumbi. Imichilo ye-LED kanye amalambu ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa okugqamile. Ungasetha uhlelo lokulawula efonini noma kuthebhulethi yakho ukuze ulungise ubukhali bokukhanya noma umbala ngokuya ngesimo sakho sengqondo.
Task Lighting
Ukukhanyisa imisebenzi kunikeza ukukhanya komsebenzi othize. Uzothola izibani ze-LED, amamojula, kanye nezibani zokukhanyisa ngale njongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sebenzisa izinto zokukhanyisa ngokuhlakanipha bese usetha inkomba yokunikeza umbala (CRI) ku-98 noma ngaphezulu ngokwenza imisebenzi efana nokupheka, ukufunda, njll.
Izincomo Zokukhanyisa Ikamelo Ngegumbi
Ukukhanyisa Kwegumbi Lokuhlala
Ngenjwayelo, ukukhanya kwegumbi lokuhlala inikeza umoya ophumuzayo. Ukuze ufeze lesi simo, lungisa izibani zaphansi eziphakathi kuka-100 no-150 lux. Ngaphandle kwalokho, hlanganisa okujwayelekile kanye ukukhanya kwe-ambient ngemithombo efana ne-pendant, isibani sophahla, noma izibani ze-cove egumbini lakho lokuphumula.
I-Dining Room Lighting
Sebenzisa izibani ze-LED noma izibani ze-cove ukuze usethe isibani sangemuva segumbi lokudlela. Ngemva kwalokho, beka izibani zetafula ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokumelene nalesi sizinda. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lungisa izinga lokushisa lombala wegumbi phakathi 2,700K kanye no-3,000K kanye nezinga lokukhanyisa elingu-150 lux lezibani zaphansi. Futhi, i-tabletop kufanele ibe nokukhanya okungu-150-200 lux kanye ne-CRI 98 yokudlela.
Ukukhanyisa kwegumbi lokulala nelokulala
Ukukhanyisa kwamakamelo okulala kanye namagumbi okuphumula kufanele kudale indawo ethokomele. Ngakho-ke, hlela ukukhanya okungaqondile ngemichilo ye-LED ngaphakathi kwezibani ezimboziwe. Futhi, faka indawo yokubeka ehlukile yokukhanyisa eceleni kombhede, njengezibani eziseceleni kombhede noma izinto ezifakwe odongeni. Izohlinzeka ngokukhanyisa imisebenzi yokufunda noma eminye imisebenzi.
Ububanzi bamazinga okukhanya emakamelweni okulala buphakathi kuka-50 no-150 lux ezingeni eliphansi kanye no-400 lux ezibanini eziseceleni kombhede. I-CRI yamakamelo okulala kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-90 ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya okufanele.
Igumbi Lokufundela kanye Nokukhanyisa Ihhovisi Lasekhaya
Faka izibani ngokucophelela egumbini lakho lokufundela kanye nehhovisi lasekhaya, okusiza ukugxila ngaphandle kokuthola ukukhathala kwamehlo. Ukuze ufinyelele lo mgomo, setha isibani sangemuva esibanzi esinamalambu acwebezelayo bese usebenzisa izibani zokukhanyisa imisebenzi. Izinga lokukhanyisa kwezibani zedeski kufanele libe ngaphakathi kuka-400-500 lux.
Ukukhanyisa Kwekhishi
Njengoba kusetshenziswa amathuluzi abukhali ekhishini, uzodinga okungenani ukukhanya okungu-400 lux kwemisebenzi lapho. faka imichilo ye-LED noma amamojula ngaphansi kwamakhabethe nangaphezulu kwesinki. Ezitezi zasekhishini, izinga lokukhanya elingu-150-200 lux lanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi yonke imithombo yokukhanya isatshalaliswa kahle ekhishini. Izinga lokushisa lombala elinconywayo lekhishi lingu-2,700K-3,000K.
Ukukhanyisa indlu yangasese
Izinga lokukhanyisa phansi kwendlu yokugezela kufanele libe ngaphakathi kuka-250-300 lux. Uzodinga izinga lokuvikela le-IP elifanele ukuqinisekisa izinga lokungangenwa kwamanzi kwezibani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sebenzisa izibani ze-LED phezu kwendlu yokugezela kanye neshawa kanye nezibani zomsebenzi ezizungeze izibuko ezinezijikelezo ezihlukene.
Ukukhanyisa Kwendlela Yokungena Ephasijini
Ukuze izibani zephaseji, izinga lokunethezeka kufanele libe cishe yi-100 lux ezingeni eliphansi. Udinga ukufaka izibani ezitebhisini noma ngaphezulu kwazo ukuze uhambe ngokuphephile. Futhi, setha uhlelo lokushintsha olunezindlela ezimbili phezulu nangaphansi kwezindiza. Izinga lokushisa lombala elinconywayo lingaba ngu-3000 K ngezitebhisi kanye nokufika.
Ukubala Izidingo ze-Lumen Zesikhala Sakho
Ukuqonda Ifomula
- Ifomula yesidingo se-lumen:
| Ama-lumens adingekayo = Indawo yegumbi ngamamitha ayizikwele × Ikhandlela lezinyawo elinconywayo noma ama-lumens adingekayo = Indawo yegumbi ngamamitha ayizikwele × I-lux enconywayo |
- Ifomula yendawo yegumbi: Phindaphinda ubude begumbi ngobubanzi balo.
Ukusebenzisa Ifomula Yezikhala Ezihlukene
- Ukubalwa kwesidingo se-lumen yekamelo lokulala
Uma ubude bekamelo lokulala bungamamitha angu-12 kanti ububanzi bungamamitha angu-14, indawo izoba ngu-12ft × 14ft = 168 square feet. Uma ucabangela izinga lokukhanya eliphansi elinconywayo elingu-20 fc, isidingo se-lumen sizoba ngu-168 × 20 = 3,360 lumens. Bese uhlukanisa ama-lumens aphelele ngokuthi mangaki ama-bulb ofuna ukuwafaka ekamelweni lakho lokulala. Kulesi simo, uma ufuna ama-bulb amane ekamelweni lokulala, uzodinga ama-bulb angu-3360 ÷ 4 = 840 noma amane alingana nama-lumens angu-840 ukuze uhlangabezane nesidingo se-lumen esiphelele.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma ubude nobubanzi bekamelo lokulala kungamamitha angu-4 namamitha angu-5, khona-ke indawo iyonke izoba ngu-5×4 = 20 square metres. Ngemva kwalokho, uma sicabangela izinga lokukhanya eliphansi elinconywayo lekamelo lokulala elingu-215 lux, isidingo se-lumen sizoba ngu-20 × 215 = 4300 lumens.
- Ukubalwa kwesidingo se-lumen yekhishi
Uma ubude bekhishi bungamafidi angu-12, kanti ububanzi bungamafidi angu-16, indawo iyonke ingu-12ft × 16ft = 192 square feet. Ukuze uthole ukukhanya okuvamile, cabanga ngezinga lokukhanyisa elinconywayo njengamakhandlela angamafidi angu-40.
Ngemuva kwalokho umphumela uzoba yi-192 × 40 = 7,680 lumens. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga ngamakhandlela angamafidi angu-70 okukhanyisa imisebenzi kuma-counter angamafidi skwele angu-30. Ngemuva kwalokho uzodinga ama-lumen angu-30 × 70 = 2,100. Sekukonke, inani lama-lumen adingekayo lizoba yi-(7680 + 2100) = 9,780 lumens ekhishini.
- Ukubalwa kwesidingo se-lumen sendlu yokugezela
Ake sithi indawo yendlu yakho yokugezela ingamamitha-skwele angu-80. Khona-ke uzodinga ama-lumen angu-80 × 30 = 2,400 okukhanyisa okuvamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lumen edingekayo yokukhanyisa umsebenzi we-vanity izoba yi-10 × 80 = 800 lumens. Ekugcineni, inani eliphelele lizoba yi-lumens engu-3,200.
Ezinye Izinto Ezithinta Izidingo Ze-Lumen
Ukuphakama Kwesilingi
Amazinga okukhanyisa anconywayo ikakhulukazi awekhandlela lezinyawo ezijwayelekile zophahla oluyimitha engu-8. Uma ubhekene nophahla oluphakeme, khulisa ama-lumens ngokulinganayo nokwanda kwezinyawo zophahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga izinto ezikhipha ukukhanya okuphezulu kanye nama-engeli amancane ophahleni oluphakeme.
Umbala weWall
Uma imibala yodonga ilula, izindonga zizokhanyisa kakhulu futhi igumbi lizobukeka likhanya kakhulu. Khona-ke ngeke udinge ukukhanya okuphuma kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzodinga ama-lumen engeziwe ezindongeni ezinombala omnyama njengoba imibala emnyama imunca ukukhanya.
Udonga Luphelile
Ukuphela kodonga okucwebezelayo kubamba ukukhanya, ngakho-ke udinga ukwandisa amazinga okukhanya ngo-10-20% ukuze uhlangabezane nesidingo se-lumen. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuqeda kodonga okucwebezelayo kubonakalisa ukukhanya futhi kunciphisa isidingo se-lumen.
Izinhlobo Zezinto Zokusebenza
Isithako ngasinye sinenjongo nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Isibonelo, ama-wall scone anciphisa ukukhanya ngokukhipha ukukhanya okungaqondile, izibani ezilengayo zilungele ukukhanyisa imisebenzi, njalo njalo. Ngakho-ke, khetha uhlobo lwesithako olufanele ukuze ulinganisele ukukhanya kanye nesidingo se-lumen segumbi lakho.
Amathiphu Okuqinisekisa Ukukhanya Kwakho Kuhlangabezana Namazinga Anconyiwe
- Hlola amazinga okukhanya: Okokuqala, kala ubukhulu bokukhanya kwegumbi lakho ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa imitha yokukhanya ukuze uthole amanani anembile amazinga okukhanya.
- Hlangana Nezindlela Eziphansi Zokusebenza: Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokukhanyisa luhlangabezana nezilinganiso ezincane kakhulu eziphakanyisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho ungangeza izibani ezengeziwe ngokwezidingo zakho.
- Thenga Izinto Ezingaguquki: Kufanele usebenzise ama-dimmer ukuze uthole izibani ezikhipha amandla aphezulu.
- Gwema Ukukhanyisa Okudlulele Noma Okungakhanyisi Kahle: Ukuze ugweme ukukhanya okweqile, faka ama-bulb ane-lumen ephansi ane-dimmer bese ufaka ama-diffuser. Futhi, susa izithunzi egumbini usebenzisa izibani zomsebenzi kanye nezinto zokulungisa indawo.
- Sebenzisa i-Natural Daylight: Hlanganisa ukukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo nohlelo lwakho lokukhanyisa ukuze uthole ama-lumens adingekayo. Futhi, ukukhanya kwemvelo kuzokunikeza induduzo ebonakalayo.
- Gxila Ekukhanyiseni Okusebenzisa Amandla Kahle Umthombo: Ungasebenzisa ama-LED bulbs njengendlela yokonga ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzokongela ibhili yakho kagesi.
- Sebenzisa Ukukhanyisa Okunezingqimba: Dala umklamo ohlukaniswe ngezingqimba ngokukhanya okuzungezile, umsebenzi, kanye nokugqamisa. Lolu hlobo lokukhanya oluhlukaniswe ngezingqimba luzosabalalisa ukukhanya ngokulinganayo futhi lufeze izinjongo ezahlukene.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iphuzu Eliyinhloko
Kumelwe ube nolwazi oluhle ngamazinga okukhanya anconywayo ukuze ugweme ukukhanyisa okungaphansi noma ukukhanyisa ngokweqile indlu yakho. Futhi, cabanga ngombala wodonga, ukuphakama kophahla, uhlobo lwe-fixture, kanye nenhloso yegumbi ngenkathi ubala isidingo se-lumen yegumbi ngalinye. Ngakho-ke, ungathola uhlelo lokukhanyisa oluhlala isikhathi eside nolusebenzayo endlini yakho.
Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukukhanya okunesitayela endaweni yakho yokuhlala, Imibala ye-LED yizo ozikhethayo. Ngokungafani nezinketho zendabuko, zinomzimba oguquguqukayo futhi omncane ongawusika ukuze uchaze usayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zakho zokukhanyisa. Ngakho-ke, khetha ikhwalithi ephezulu Imichilo ye-LED evela ku-LEDYi futhi uhambise ukukhanya kwakho kwendlu ezingeni elilandelayo!
